The evolution of Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) has reshaped modern defence in the 21st century, emerging as a critical resource often described as “the new oil.” This article traces OSINT’s trajectory from its early reliance on manual da...
Proxy warfare is a strategic tool through which powerful states influence conflicts abroad while minimising direct military, political, and financial costs. This report outlines the evolution, types, benefits, and risks associated with prox...
I. Introduction: Operation Sindoor, India’s coordinated tri service strike against terrorism infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan administered Kashmir on 7–10 May 2025, marked a pivotal escalation in India–Pakistan relations. ¹ Although ...
Ever since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, European states have faced a growing wave of hybrid threats. These threats are not always visible or dramatic, but they are persistent and deeply disruptive. In this artic...
Taiwan and China have a political and historical background that stems from the Chinese Civil War (1927–1950). Following their defeat, the Kuomintang (KMT) withdrew to Taiwan, where they formed the Republic of China (ROC). On the mainland, ...
In the intricate mosaic of military leadership and strategy, the role of the United Kingdom's Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) emerges as a central and pivotal piece. As the zenith of command within the British Armed Forces, the CDS shoulders t...
Australia published its Defense Strategic Review on April 24, the day before ANZAC Day- a memorial day honouring those who have served in the war and died fighting for it.The Defense Strategic Review succeeds in its challenging goal of offe...
Russia-Ukraine war has exposed the vulnerabilities of air defence, and as a result of which the limited air power that many Nordic countries have forced them to join hands. This led to the emergence of unified air force..
Whichever domain man has stepped into, whether land, water, air, or even space, they have necessarily brought with them one thing: conflict. This has even led to the militarization of these domains (even though to a lesser extent in one or ...
In contemporary warfare, tanks are an essential component for aggressive operations such as breaking through enemy lines and reclaiming occupied territory. Properly employed, they can offer mobile firepower, protection, and shock, thereby a...
There is a saying about technology. "Technology, like art, is a soaring exercise of the human imagination." One of the best-suited examples would be the cyber domain. The headway this domain has made is parallel to none. China is one of the...
Our understanding of artificial intelligence in the 21st century is mainly comprised of the information we acquire from popular media. There is a fundamental problem in that perspective because most of the popular media depicts and ends wit...
